مَّلْعُونِينَ ۖ أَيْنَمَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ أُخِذُوا۟ وَقُتِّلُوا۟ تَقْتِيلًا 61
Translations
Accursed wherever they are found, [being] seized and massacred completely.
Transliteration
Mal'unin. Aynamā thūqifū ukhdhu wa quttilū taqtīlā
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah describes the fate of the hypocrites and enemies of Allah, stating that they are cursed and will be seized and killed wherever they are found. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari interpret this as referring to the punishment awaiting those who actively wage war against Islam and the Muslims, emphasizing both their spiritual condemnation (curse) and the worldly consequences they face. The phrase 'taqtīlā' (severe killing) emphasizes the totality and severity of the punishment they deserve.
Revelation Context
This ayah appears in the context of Surah Al-Ahzab, which addresses the events of the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq) in 5 AH and the broader challenges posed by hypocrites and enemies of Madinah. The surah discusses the fate of various groups opposing the Prophet Muhammad, including those who openly fought against Muslims and those who betrayed them from within.
Related Hadiths
The principle reflects the hadith in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim where the Prophet (ﷺ) instructed the capture and execution of those who actively fought against Islam. Related to this is the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud regarding the treatment of apostates and those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger (Quran 5:33).
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah reminds believers that those who actively oppose Allah and His religion face certain divine punishment, encouraging Muslims to remain steadfast in their faith while serving as a warning against hostility toward Islam. It demonstrates that Allah's justice is comprehensive and inescapable, though such severe punishment applies specifically to those engaged in active warfare against believers.
Related Ayahs
وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
And indeed, for those who have wronged is a punishment before that, but most of them do not know.
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ مَا يَكْرَهُونَ وَتَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُهُمُ ٱلْكَذِبَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۖ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّارَ وَأَنَّهُم مُّفْرَطُونَ
And they attribute to Allāh that which they dislike [i.e., daughters], and their tongues assert the lie that they will have the best [from Him]. Assuredly, they will have the Fire, and they will be [therein] neglected.
ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ
They have been put under humiliation [by Allāh] wherever they are overtaken, except for a rope [i.e., covenant] from Allāh and a rope [i.e., treaty] from the people [i.e., the Muslims]. And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allāh and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in [i.e., rejected] the verses of Allāh and killed the prophets without right. That is because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ ۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ
That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.