فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ ٱلْمَوْتَ مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَوْتِهِۦٓ إِلَّا دَآبَّةُ ٱلْأَرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُۥ ۖ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ ٱلْجِنُّ أَن لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ يَعْلَمُونَ ٱلْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا۟ فِى ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْمُهِينِ 14
Translations
And when We decreed for him [i.e., Solomon] death, nothing indicated to them [i.e., the jinn] his death except a creature of the earth eating his staff. But when he fell, it became clear to the jinn that if they had known the unseen, they would not have remained in humiliating punishment.
Transliteration
Falamma qadayna alayhi al-mawta ma dallahum ala mawtihi illa dabbatu al-ardi ta'kulu min minsatih. Falamma kharra tabayyanat al-jinnu an law kanu ya'lamun al-ghayba ma labithoo fi al-adhab al-muheen.
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah refers to Prophet Sulayman (Solomon), upon whom Allah decreed death. The jinn did not know of his death until a creature of the earth (traditionally interpreted as a woodworm or termite) ate away at his staff (minsah), causing him to fall. Upon his collapse, the jinn realized they did not possess knowledge of the unseen, for had they truly known the unseen, they would not have remained in the punishment of servitude. Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari note this demonstrates the distinction between Allah's knowledge of the unseen and the jinn's limited perception, refuting their claims to supernatural knowledge.
Revelation Context
This ayah is part of the Meccan Surah Saba, which discusses the story of Sulayman and his dominion as a sign of Allah's power. The broader context emphasizes themes of divine authority, the transience of worldly power, and the limitations of creation compared to the Creator's omniscience. This particular verse serves as a warning against false claims of knowledge of the unseen.
Related Hadiths
The story of Sulayman's death is referenced in various tafsir works but the closest related hadith is found in Sahih Bukhari regarding the jinn's limited knowledge: 'The jinn know that if they knew the Unseen, they would not remain in the humiliating Punishment' (related to Surah Saba 34:14). Additionally, Surah Al-Jinn 72:26-28 discusses the jinn's lack of knowledge of the unseen.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches us that neither power, wealth, nor dominion—even that granted to a prophet like Sulayman—is permanent, and that only Allah possesses complete knowledge of the unseen. For believers, it serves as a humbling reminder to avoid arrogance and false certainty about future matters, recognizing that true wisdom lies in submitting to Allah's will and acknowledging the limits of human knowledge.
Related Ayahs
وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَا تَأْتِينَا ٱلسَّاعَةُ ۖ قُلْ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلْغَيْبِ ۖ لَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَآ أَصْغَرُ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكْبَرُ إِلَّا فِى كِتَـٰبٍ مُّبِينٍ
But those who disbelieve say, "The Hour will not come to us." Say, "Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come to you. [Allāh is] the Knower of the unseen." Not absent from Him is an atom's weight within the heavens or within the earth or [what is] smaller than that or greater, except that it is in a clear register -
وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَـٰذَا ٱلْوَعْدُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـٰدِقِينَ
And they say, "When is this promise, if you should be truthful?"
وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتُضْعِفُوا۟ لِلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ بَلْ مَكْرُ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذْ تَأْمُرُونَنَآ أَن نَّكْفُرَ بِٱللَّهِ وَنَجْعَلَ لَهُۥٓ أَندَادًا ۚ وَأَسَرُّوا۟ ٱلنَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلْأَغْلَـٰلَ فِىٓ أَعْنَاقِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۚ هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ
Those who were oppressed will say to those who were arrogant, "Rather, [it was your] conspiracy of night and day when you were ordering us to disbelieve in Allāh and attribute to Him equals." But they will [all] confide regret when they see the punishment; and We will put shackles on the necks of those who disbelieved. Will they be recompensed except for what they used to do?
وَقَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ ٱلتَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانٍۭ بَعِيدٍ
And they will [then] say, "We believe in it!" But how for them will be the taking [of faith] from a place far away?