قَالَ فَمَن رَّبُّكُمَا يَـٰمُوسَىٰ 49
Translations
[Pharaoh] said, "So who is the Lord of you two, O Moses?"
Transliteration
Qala faman rabbukuma ya Musa
Tafsir (Explanation)
Pharaoh responds to Moses and Aaron's call to worship Allah alone by arrogantly demanding to know who their Lord is. This question reflects Pharaoh's rejection of monotheism and his defiance, as he considered himself a deity or at least beyond submission to any higher power. Classical scholars like Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir note that Pharaoh's question was rhetorical and dismissive, designed to mock the message rather than genuinely seek understanding, exemplifying the spiritual blindness of those who reject divine guidance.
Revelation Context
This ayah occurs within the narrative of Moses confronting Pharaoh in Egypt. After Moses and Aaron were instructed by Allah to go to Pharaoh with the message of monotheism (20:43-44), they present their call, and Pharaoh responds with this arrogant question. This sets the stage for the escalating conflict between Pharaoh's denial and Moses's prophetic mission throughout the surah.
Related Hadiths
The concept of recognizing Allah as the Lord is foundational to Islamic belief. A related hadith from Sahih Bukhari (No. 50) describes the Angel Gabriel asking the Prophet about Islam, Iman, and Ihsan, emphasizing that recognition of Allah's Lordship is central to faith. Additionally, Surah 20:50 immediately follows with Moses's response identifying Allah as 'our Lord who gave each thing its form and then guided it.'
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches that arrogance and heedlessness prevent people from recognizing truth, even when presented clearly by prophets. Modern readers should reflect on how pride can blind the heart and prevent sincere questioning and acceptance of divine guidance.
Related Ayahs
وَمَن يَأْتِهِۦ مُؤْمِنًا قَدْ عَمِلَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلدَّرَجَـٰتُ ٱلْعُلَىٰ
But whoever comes to Him as a believer having done righteous deeds - for those will be the highest degrees [in position]:
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
Allāh - there is no deity except Him. To Him belong the best names.
لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَمَا تَحْتَ ٱلثَّرَىٰ
To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is on the earth and what is between them and what is under the soil.
إِلَّا تَذْكِرَةً لِّمَن يَخْشَىٰ
But only as a reminder for those who fear [Allāh] -