وَٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا صُمٌّ وَبُكْمٌ فِى ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ ۗ مَن يَشَإِ ٱللَّهُ يُضْلِلْهُ وَمَن يَشَأْ يَجْعَلْهُ عَلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ 39
Translations
But those who deny Our verses are deaf and dumb within darknesses. Whomever Allāh wills - He sends astray; and whomever He wills - He puts him on a straight path.
Transliteration
Wa alladhīna kadhdhabo bi-āyātinā summun wa bukmun fī adh-dhulumāt; man yashā allāhu yudhlilhu wa man yasha' yaj'alhu 'alā sirātin mustaqīm.
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah describes those who reject Allah's signs as being spiritually deaf, dumb, and in darkness—unable to perceive or communicate divine truth. According to Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari, this is metaphorical blindness and deafness of the heart rather than physical disability, indicating their willful rejection and spiritual deprivation. The ayah emphasizes that Allah's guidance and misguidance are ultimately determined by His will, though this operates within the framework of human choice and responsibility—those who persistently reject signs choose their own destruction.
Revelation Context
This ayah appears in Surah Al-An'am, a Meccan chapter revealed during the early period of Islamic da'wah when the Quraysh were actively rejecting the Prophet Muhammad's message. The broader context addresses the rejection of the Prophet's signs and warnings, establishing the spiritual consequences of deliberate denial of divine truth.
Related Hadiths
The hadith 'Whoever Allah wishes to guide, He opens his chest to Islam; and whoever He wishes to leave astray, He makes his chest tight and constricted' (Sahih Muslim 2644) expounds the principle of divine guidance mentioned here. Additionally, the hadith 'The best of you are those who learn the Quran and teach it' (Sahih Bukhari 5027) relates to the importance of receiving and responding to divine signs.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah reminds us that rejecting divine guidance leads to spiritual darkness and loss of understanding, while sincere seeking of truth opens one's heart to wisdom. We should constantly examine our receptiveness to Allah's signs and guard against the arrogance that leads to willful blindness.
Related Ayahs
قُلْ أَرَءَيْتُمْ إِن كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَفَرْتُم بِهِۦ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنۢ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ عَلَىٰ مِثْلِهِۦ فَـَٔامَنَ وَٱسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ
Say, "Have you considered: if it [i.e., the Qur’ān] was from Allāh, and you disbelieved in it while a witness from the Children of Israel has testified to something similar and believed while you were arrogant...?" Indeed, Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people.
مَن يُضْلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَلَا هَادِىَ لَهُۥ ۚ وَيَذَرُهُمْ فِى طُغْيَـٰنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
Whoever Allāh sends astray - there is no guide for him. And He leaves them in their transgression, wandering blindly.
فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْءَٰتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ ۚ وَعَصَىٰٓ ءَادَمُ رَبَّهُۥ فَغَوَىٰ
And they [i.e., Adam and his wife] ate of it, and their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred.
وَلَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ يُوسُفُ مِن قَبْلُ بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ فَمَا زِلْتُمْ فِى شَكٍّ مِّمَّا جَآءَكُم بِهِۦ ۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا هَلَكَ قُلْتُمْ لَن يَبْعَثَ ٱللَّهُ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ رَسُولًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَنْ هُوَ مُسْرِفٌ مُّرْتَابٌ
And Joseph had already come to you before with clear proofs, but you remained in doubt of that which he brought to you, until when he died, you said, 'Never will Allāh send a messenger after him.' Thus does Allāh leave astray he who is a transgressor and skeptic."