فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَـٰقَهُمْ لَعَنَّـٰهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَـٰسِيَةً ۖ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ ۙ وَنَسُوا۟ حَظًّا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُوا۟ بِهِۦ ۚ وَلَا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىٰ خَآئِنَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۖ فَٱعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَٱصْفَحْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ 13
Translations
So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded. And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.
Transliteration
Fabima naqdhihim mithaqahum laaannāhum wa jaʿalnā qulūbahum qāsiyah, yuḥarrифūn al-kalim ʿan mawāḍiʿih, wa nasū ḥaẓẓan mimmā dhukkirū bih, wa lā tazāl tatṭaliʿ ʿalā khāʾinah min hunm illā qalīlan min hunm, faʿfu ʿanhum waṣfaḥ, inna Allāh yuḥibb al-muḥsinīn
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah describes the punishment that befell the Children of Israel for breaking their covenant with Allah: their hearts became hardened, they distorted the meanings of Scripture, and forgot portions of the revelations they were given. Despite their persistent treachery, Prophet Muhammad is commanded to exercise forgiveness and clemency toward them, as Allah loves those who do good—demonstrating that even in the face of broken covenants and distortion, the path of forbearance and righteousness remains open. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir emphasize that the hardening of hearts was a consequence of their deliberate covenant-breaking, while Al-Qurtubi highlights the divine wisdom in commanding forgiveness as a moral standard for believers.
Revelation Context
This ayah is part of Surah Al-Ma'idah (the Table Spread), a Medinan surah revealed during the Prophet's time in Medina when interactions with the People of the Book—Jews and Christians—were more frequent. The surah addresses issues of covenant, dietary laws, and the integrity of religious teachings. This particular ayah contextualizes the historical pattern of some among the Children of Israel who violated their divine covenant and altered scriptural meanings, while simultaneously instructing the Muslim community on the proper response: forgiveness combined with wisdom.
Related Hadiths
Related to the theme of hardened hearts and covenant-breaking: 'The example of the guidance and the knowledge with which Allah has sent me is like abundant rain falling on the earth...' (Sahih Bukhari 79). For the theme of forgiveness and clemency: 'The merciful will be shown mercy by the Most Merciful. Be merciful to those on earth, and the One in the heavens will have mercy upon you' (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1924).
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches that while consequences for covenant-breaking are severe (hardened hearts, spiritual loss), believers are commanded to respond with forgiveness and ihsan (excellence in conduct) rather than vengeance—reflecting that true moral strength lies in clemency, and that Allah's love encompasses those who choose goodness despite witnessing others' failures.
Related Ayahs
يَـٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَىٰ فَتْرَةٍ مِّنَ ٱلرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنۢ بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ ۖ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُم بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allāh is over all things competent.
وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَٱحْذَرُوا۟ ۚ فَإِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا عَلَىٰ رَسُولِنَا ٱلْبَلَـٰغُ ٱلْمُبِينُ
And obey Allāh and obey the Messenger and beware. And if you turn away - then know that upon Our Messenger is only [the responsibility for] clear notification.
وَإِذْ أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى ٱلْحَوَارِيِّـۧنَ أَنْ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِى وَبِرَسُولِى قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا وَٱشْهَدْ بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ
And [remember] when I inspired to the disciples, "Believe in Me and in My messenger [i.e., Jesus]." They said, "We have believed, so bear witness that indeed we are Muslims [in submission to Allāh]."
قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَآ أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيدًا لِّأَوَّلِنَا وَءَاخِرِنَا وَءَايَةً مِّنكَ ۖ وَٱرْزُقْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلرَّٰزِقِينَ
Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allāh, our Lord, send down to us a table [spread with food] from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."