إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ كُبِتُوا۟ كَمَا كُبِتَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَآ ءَايَـٰتٍۭ بَيِّنَـٰتٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ 5
Translations
Indeed, those who oppose Allāh and His Messenger are abased as those before them were abased. And We have certainly sent down verses of clear evidence. And for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment
Transliteration
Inna alladhina yuhadduun allaha wa rasulahu kubitoo kama kubit alladhina min qablihim wa qad anzalna ayatin bayyinat wa lilkafirin adhabun muhin
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah warns that those who oppose and contend against Allah and His Messenger will be humiliated and defeated, just as the disbelieving nations before them were disgraced. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir emphasize that 'kubitu' (humiliated/put to shame) refers to both spiritual disgrace in this life and severe punishment in the Hereafter. The ayah affirms that Allah has sent clear signs and evidence, leaving no excuse for those who reject the truth, and promises them a degrading punishment.
Revelation Context
This surah was revealed in Medina and addresses the issue of zihar (a form of pre-Islamic divorce). The broader context deals with those who dispute with Allah's laws and reject the Prophet's guidance. This particular ayah comes as a stern warning against those who actively oppose the divine message and the Prophet's authority, establishing the principle that such opposition inevitably leads to failure.
Related Hadiths
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever opposes me, Allah will destroy him' (Sahih Muslim 2889). Additionally, the principle reflected in this ayah connects to the hadith: 'The strongest of people is the one who overcomes himself' (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2376), as opposition to Allah represents the ultimate spiritual weakness.
Themes
Key Lesson
Standing against Allah's guidance and the Prophet's message is futile and leads to inevitable humiliation, whether in this world through weakness and disgrace or in the Hereafter through severe punishment. For believers, this serves as reassurance of Allah's ultimate victory and should strengthen resolve to remain steadfast on the straight path.
Related Ayahs
أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ إِنَّهُمْ سَآءَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ
Allāh has prepared for them a severe punishment. Indeed, it was evil that they were doing.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ فِى ٱلْأَذَلِّينَ
Indeed, the ones who oppose Allāh and His Messenger - those will be among the most humbled.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا۟ فِى ٱلْمَجَـٰلِسِ فَٱفْسَحُوا۟ يَفْسَحِ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ ٱنشُزُوا۟ فَٱنشُزُوا۟ يَرْفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنكُمْ وَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمَ دَرَجَـٰتٍ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
O you who have believed, when you are told, "Space yourselves" in assemblies, then make space; Allāh will make space for you. And when you are told, "Arise," then arise; Allāh will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allāh is Aware of what you do.
۞ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا۟ قَوْمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم مَّا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلَا مِنْهُمْ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى ٱلْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
Have you not considered those who make allies of a people with whom Allāh has become angry? They are neither of you nor of them, and they swear to untruth while they know [they are lying].