لَن يَضُرُّوكُمْ إِلَّآ أَذًى ۖ وَإِن يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ يُوَلُّوكُمُ ٱلْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ 111
Translations
They will not harm you except for [some] annoyance. And if they fight you, they will show you their backs [i.e., retreat]; then they will not be aided.
Transliteration
Lan yaḍurrūkum illā adhā wa-in yuqātilūkum yuwallūkum al-adbāra thumma lā yunṣarūn
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah reassures the believers that their enemies (the disbelievers of Makkah and the hypocrites) can only harm them with minor annoyance, and if they engage in battle, Allah will grant the believers victory as the enemies will turn their backs in flight and receive no divine aid. Ibn Kathir emphasizes this as a divine promise of protection and triumph for the Muslim community, while Al-Tabari notes the conditional nature—victory is assured when believers meet the enemy in righteous struggle with proper faith and preparation.
Revelation Context
This ayah is part of Surah Ali 'Imran (revealed in Madinah), which addresses the early Muslim community after the Battle of Uhud. It provides solace and reassurance to believers who faced trials from both external enemies and internal hypocrites, reinforcing their confidence in Allah's support despite apparent hardships.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'No disease will strike a believer except that Allah will remove his sins by it, even if it be the prick of a thorn' (Sahih Bukhari). This complements the ayah's mention of 'adhā' (annoyance/harm) as a means of purification. Additionally, numerous hadiths affirm Allah's promise to aid the believers in battle when they meet enemies sincerely.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches believers that while enemies may attempt to cause harm, their power is ultimately limited and temporary, and that sincere faith and righteous struggle will result in divine support and victory. For modern readers, this serves as a spiritual anchor during persecution or opposition, encouraging trust in Allah's justice and the inevitable triumph of truth over falsehood.
Related Ayahs
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۗ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۖ فَمَن زُحْزِحَ عَنِ ٱلنَّارِ وَأُدْخِلَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ فَقَدْ فَازَ ۗ وَمَا ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَآ إِلَّا مَتَـٰعُ ٱلْغُرُورِ
Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your [full] compensation on the Day of Resurrection. So he who is drawn away from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has attained [his desire]. And what is the life of this world except the enjoyment of delusion.
قُل لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ ۚ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمِهَادُ
Say to those who disbelieve, "You will be overcome and gathered together to Hell, and wretched is the resting place."
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِنْهُ ءَايَـٰتٌ مُّحْكَمَـٰتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَـٰبِهَـٰتٌ ۖ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَـٰبَهَ مِنْهُ ٱبْتِغَآءَ ٱلْفِتْنَةِ وَٱبْتِغَآءَ تَأْوِيلِهِۦ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِى ٱلْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ
It is He who has sent down to you, [O Muḥammad], the Book; in it are verses [that are] precise - they are the foundation of the Book - and others unspecific. As for those in whose hearts is deviation [from truth], they will follow that of it which is unspecific, seeking discord and seeking an interpretation [suitable to them]. And no one knows its [true] interpretation except Allāh. But those firm in knowledge say, "We believe in it. All [of it] is from our Lord." And no one will be reminded except those of understanding.
يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيُسَـٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْخَيْرَٰتِ وَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
They believe in Allāh and the Last Day, and they enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and hasten to good deeds. And those are among the righteous.