وَيَحْلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمِنكُمْ وَمَا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ يَفْرَقُونَ 56
Translations
And they swear by Allāh that they are from among you while they are not from among you; but they are a people who are afraid.
Transliteration
Wa yahlifuna billahi innahum lakum wa ma hum minkum wa lakin-nahum qawmun yafraqun
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah describes the hypocrites (munafiqun) who swear by Allah that they are among the believers, yet Allah affirms they are not truly from the believers' ranks. According to Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari, their distinguishing characteristic is fear and cowardice—they are 'a people who fear' (qaum yafraqun), referring to their anxiety about being exposed or facing hardship for their faith. The swearing by Allah is an empty oath, as their hearts contradict their words, and their lack of true conviction manifests in their fearfulness and unreliability.
Revelation Context
This ayah appears in the Medinan surah At-Tawbah, which extensively addresses the hypocrites of Madinah who professed Islam outwardly while concealing disbelief. The broader context (ayaat 56-66) details the characteristics and behavior of hypocrites, particularly regarding the Battle of Tabuk. This passage was revealed to alert the Muslim community to the danger posed by those who claim faith without possessing sincere conviction.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, 'The signs of the hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he promises, he breaks his promise; and when he is entrusted, he betrays' (Sahih Bukhari 33). Additionally, the ayah relates to the hadith about the characteristics of hypocrites found in Sahih Muslim regarding their behavior in public versus private.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches Muslims to be discerning about the difference between outward claims and inner sincerity; true faith requires both honest words and courageous action, and we should examine whether our own deeds and commitments reflect genuine conviction or mere pretense.
Related Ayahs
وَإِذَا لَقُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ شَيَـٰطِينِهِمْ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ
And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We believe"; but when they are alone with their evil ones, they say, "Indeed, we are with you; we were only mockers."
يَحْسَبُونَ ٱلْأَحْزَابَ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا۟ ۖ وَإِن يَأْتِ ٱلْأَحْزَابُ يَوَدُّوا۟ لَوْ أَنَّهُم بَادُونَ فِى ٱلْأَعْرَابِ يَسْـَٔلُونَ عَنْ أَنۢبَآئِكُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كَانُوا۟ فِيكُم مَّا قَـٰتَلُوٓا۟ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
They think the companies have not [yet] withdrawn. And if the companies should come [again], they would wish they were in the desert among the bedouins, inquiring [from afar] about your news. And if they should be among you, they would not fight except for a little.
وَإِذْ يَقُولُ ٱلْمُنَـٰفِقُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ إِلَّا غُرُورًا
And [remember] when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease said, "Allāh and His Messenger did not promise us except delusion,"
وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْكَ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا خَرَجُوا۟ مِنْ عِندِكَ قَالُوا۟ لِلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمَ مَاذَا قَالَ ءَانِفًا ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ طَبَعَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓا۟ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ
And among them, [O Muḥammad], are those who listen to you, until when they depart from you, they say to those who were given knowledge, "What has he said just now?" Those are the ones of whom Allāh has sealed over their hearts and who have followed their [own] desires.