وَقَطَّعْنَـٰهُمُ ٱثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ أَسْبَاطًا أُمَمًا ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ إِذِ ٱسْتَسْقَىٰهُ قَوْمُهُۥٓ أَنِ ٱضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلْحَجَرَ ۖ فَٱنۢبَجَسَتْ مِنْهُ ٱثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۚ وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْغَمَـٰمَ وَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلْوَىٰ ۖ كُلُوا۟ مِن طَيِّبَـٰتِ مَا رَزَقْنَـٰكُمْ ۚ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَـٰكِن كَانُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ 160
Translations
And We divided them into twelve descendant tribes [as distinct] nations. And We inspired to Moses when his people implored him for water, "Strike with your staff the stone," and there gushed forth from it twelve springs. Every people [i.e., tribe] knew its watering place. And We shaded them with clouds and sent down upon them manna and quails, [saying], "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you." And they wronged Us not, but they were [only] wronging themselves.
Transliteration
Wa-qatta'nāhum ithnatā 'ashrata asbātan umaman. Wa-awḥaynā ilā Mūsā idhis-tasqāhu qawmuhu an iḍrib bi-'aṣāka al-ḥajara fa-inbajsat minhu ithnatā 'ashrata 'aynan. Qad 'alima kullu unāsin mashrabahum. Wa-ẓallalnā 'alayhim al-ghimāma wa-anzalnā 'alayhim al-manna wa-al-salwā. Kulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum. Wa-mā ẓalamūnā wa-lākin kānū anfusahum yaẓlimūn.
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah recounts how Allah divided the Children of Israel into twelve tribes and provided them with miraculous sustenance in the wilderness: water from the struck rock, shade from clouds, manna and quail. According to Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari, the twelve springs corresponded to the twelve tribes, each knowing their designated drinking place, demonstrating Allah's perfect provision and organization. The ayah emphasizes that despite these abundant blessings, when the people disobeyed, they only harmed themselves, illustrating that rejection of divine grace is ultimately self-destructive.
Revelation Context
This ayah is part of Surah Al-A'raf's broader narrative of the Children of Israel's history, detailing their journey through the desert after the Exodus from Egypt. It contextualizes the Bani Israel's experiences of divine miracles contrasted with their subsequent disobedience, serving as a lesson for the Meccan audience about the consequences of ingratitude and rebellion against Allah's signs.
Related Hadiths
The miracle of the twelve springs is referenced in the context of Bani Israel's trials. Sahih Bukhari records that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) mentioned the patience of the Israelites and the miracles granted to them as a sign of Allah's power, emphasizing their transformation and the lessons in their history.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches that Allah's abundant provision and miraculous signs are meant to inspire gratitude and obedience, not entitlement or complacency. When we reject divine guidance despite clear evidence of Allah's mercy and power, we are ultimately harming ourselves rather than Allah, and true loss lies in turning away from His blessings.