وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ 189
Translations
And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and Allāh is over all things competent.
Transliteration
Wa lillahi mulku as-samawati wa al-ardi wa allahu ala kulli shay'in qadīr
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah affirms the absolute sovereignty and ownership of Allah over all creation—the heavens and the earth—and establishes His complete power over all things. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi emphasize that this declaration negates any autonomy or ultimate authority apart from Allah, serving as a foundational principle for Islamic monotheism (tawhid) and submission to divine will.
Revelation Context
This ayah appears in the broader context of Surah Ali 'Imran's discussion of divine attributes and the relationship between Allah and creation. It follows verses addressing trials and blessings, reinforcing that all temporal authority and material possessions ultimately belong to Allah alone, not to human rulers or the wealthy.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: 'The best supplication is: Allahumma anta rabbī, lā ilāha illā anta' (O Allah, You are my Lord, there is none worthy of worship but You) - a hadith from Jami' at-Tirmidhi that echoes the recognition of Allah's unique sovereignty.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches believers that worldly possessions and positions of authority are temporary trusts from Allah, not permanent possessions, which should inspire gratitude, humility, and just stewardship. It also provides comfort in times of hardship by reminding us that all affairs ultimately rest in the hands of the All-Powerful, encouraging reliance on Allah (tawakkul) rather than fear of created beings.
Related Ayahs
فَإِن كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِكَ جَآءُو بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَٱلزُّبُرِ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلْمُنِيرِ
Then if they deny you, [O Muḥammad] - so were messengers denied before you, who brought clear proofs and written ordinances and the enlightening Scripture.
هَـٰٓأَنتُمْ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ حَـٰجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌ فَلِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Here you are - those who have argued about that of which you have [some] knowledge, but why do you argue about that of which you have no knowledge? And Allāh knows, while you know not.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَمَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِم مِّلْءُ ٱلْأَرْضِ ذَهَبًا وَلَوِ ٱفْتَدَىٰ بِهِۦٓ ۗ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّـٰصِرِينَ
Indeed, those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers - never would the [whole] capacity of the earth in gold be accepted from one of them if he would [seek to] ransom himself with it. For those there will be a painful punishment, and they will have no helpers.
زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ وَٱلْبَنِينَ وَٱلْقَنَـٰطِيرِ ٱلْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ ٱلذَّهَبِ وَٱلْفِضَّةِ وَٱلْخَيْلِ ٱلْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ وَٱلْحَرْثِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ مَتَـٰعُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلْمَـَٔابِ
Beautified for people is the love of that which they desire - of women and sons, heaped-up sums of gold and silver, fine branded horses, and cattle and tilled land. That is the enjoyment of worldly life, but Allāh has with Him the best return [i.e., Paradise].