قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَٰنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَٰجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَٰلٌ ٱقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـٰرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـٰكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَآ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَجِهَادٍ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ فَتَرَبَّصُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِىَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِۦ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلْفَـٰسِقِينَ 24
Translations
Say, [O Muḥammad], "If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your relatives, wealth which you have obtained, commerce wherein you fear decline, and dwellings with which you are pleased are more beloved to you than Allāh and His Messenger and jihād [i.e., striving] in His cause, then wait until Allāh executes His command. And Allāh does not guide the defiantly disobedient people."
Transliteration
Qul in kana aba'ukum wa abnaukum wa ikhwanukum wa azwajukum wa ashiratukum wa amwalin iqtaraftumuhaa wa tijaratun takhshawna kasadaha wa masakinu tardawna ahabba ilaykum mina Allah wa rasulih wa jihad fee sabilihi fatarabbasu hatta yatia Allah bi-amrihi wa Allah la yahdil-qawmal-fasiqin
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah presents a test of faith, stating that if worldly attachments—family, wealth, commerce, and dwellings—are more beloved than Allah, His Messenger, and jihad in His cause, then such people are committing a grave sin. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi emphasize that this ayah does not forbid loving these things absolutely, but rather warns against prioritizing them over one's duties to Allah and His Messenger. The conclusion warns that those who fail this test (the fasiqun—the transgressors) will not receive Allah's guidance.
Revelation Context
This ayah was revealed in the Medinan period as part of Surah At-Tawbah, which addresses issues of loyalty and commitment to Islam and the Muslim community. It was revealed in the context of some Muslims being reluctant to participate in expeditions and Jihad due to their attachment to worldly pursuits and family obligations, reflecting the testing times when the early Muslim community faced threats and required unwavering commitment.
Related Hadiths
The hadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Abu Hurairah reports the Prophet (ﷺ) saying: 'None of you believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his children, and all people.' This directly reinforces the hierarchy of love mentioned in Surah 9:24. Additionally, the hadith from At-Tirmidhi about abandoning one's family for jihad illustrates the practical application of this principle.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches that sincere faith requires examining our priorities: Is our love for Allah and obedience to His commands greater than our attachment to family, wealth, and comfort? For modern believers, it is a reminder that while loving family and working for provision are permissible, they must never supersede our obligations to Allah, and that true spiritual success comes from ordering our loves according to Islamic principles.
Related Ayahs
لَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُم بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
There has certainly come to you a Messenger from among yourselves. Grievous to him is what you suffer; [he is] concerned over you [i.e., your guidance] and to the believers is kind and merciful.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّهُۥ مَن يُحَادِدِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَأَنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَـٰلِدًا فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْخِزْىُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ
Do they not know that whoever opposes Allāh and His Messenger - that for him is the fire of Hell, wherein he will abide eternally? That is the great disgrace.
قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَآ إِلَّآ إِحْدَى ٱلْحُسْنَيَيْنِ ۖ وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ أَن يُصِيبَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِۦٓ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا ۖ فَتَرَبَّصُوٓا۟ إِنَّا مَعَكُم مُّتَرَبِّصُونَ
Say, "Do you await for us except one of the two best things [i.e., martyrdom or victory] while we await for you that Allāh will afflict you with punishment from Himself or at our hands? So wait; indeed we, along with you, are waiting."
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ عَـٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنقُصُوكُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَلَمْ يُظَـٰهِرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ
Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allāh loves the righteous [who fear Him].